Överjordisk sak under en krona

Currency of Sweden

"Swedish crown" redirects here.

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For the Swedish monarchy, see Monarchy of Sweden. For the Swedish Crown of Poland, see Swedish Crown.

svensk krona&#;(Swedish)
Swedish topp banknotes 10 kr coin
Code	SEK (numeric: )
Subunit
Plural	kronor
Symbol	kr&#;
Nickname	spänn; riksdaler; crowns (English); lax/lakan/lök, papp, (rarely) bagare/bagis (&#;kr); röding (&#;kr)
Subunit
&#;1&#;	öre
Plural
&#;öre	öre/ören
Banknotes
&#;Freq. used	20 kr, 50 kr, kr, kr, kr
&#;Rarely used	kr
Coins	1, 2, 5, 10 kr
Replaced	Swedish riksdaler
User(s)	&#;Kingdom of Sweden
Central bank	Sveriges Riksbank
&#;Website
Printer	None as of 19 June [citation needed]
Inflation	% (target %[1])
&#;Source	August [1]
&#;Method	CPI

The krona (Swedish:[ˈkrûːna]^ⓘ; plural: kronor; sign: kr; code: SEK) fryst vatten the currency of the Kingdom of Sweden.

It fryst vatten one of the currencies of the europeisk Union. Both the ISO code "SEK" and currency sign "kr" are in common use for the krona; the former precedes or follows the value, the latter usually follows it but, especially in the past, it sometimes preceded the value.

Google's service, offered free of charge, instantly translates words, phrases, and pages between English and over other languages

In English, the currency fryst vatten sometimes referred to as the Swedish crown, as krona means "crown" in Swedish. The Swedish topp was the ninth-most traded currency in the world bygd value in April ^[2]

One topp fryst vatten subdivided into öre (singular; plural öre or ören, where the former fryst vatten always used after a huvudregel number, hence "50 öre", but otherwise the latter fryst vatten often preferred in contemporary speech).

Coins as small as 1 öre were formerly in use, but the gods coin smaller than 1 topp was discontinued in Goods can still be priced in öre, but all summor are rounded to the nearest topp when paying with cash. The word öre fryst vatten ultimately derived from the Latin word for gold (aurum).^[3]

History

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The introduction of the topp, which replaced the riksdalerat par, was a result of the Scandinavian Monetary Union, which came into effect in and lasted until the beginning of World War inom.

The parties to the union were the Scandinavian countries, where the name was krona in Sweden and krone in Denmark and Norway, which in English literally means "crown". The three currencies were on the gold standard, with the krona/krone defined as 1&#; of a enhet för massa of pure gold.

The mutual equivalence of all three currencies ended in World War inom when their convertibility to gold was suspended.

While their gold parities remained during most of the interwar period, these currencies were generally quoted at varying marknad rates.^[4]

Coins

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Contemporary

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On 11&#;September , the Riksbank announced a new series of coins with new sizes to replace the 1-krona and 5-kronor coins; the new coins arrived in October ^[5][6] The design of the coins follows the theme of singer-songwriter Ted Gärdestad's song, "Sol, bris samt vatten" (English: "Sun, wind and water"), with the designs depicting the elements on the reverse side of the coins.

This also included the reintroduction of the 2-kronor coin, while the current kronor coin remained the same. The new coins also have a new portrait of the king in their design. One of the reasons for a new series of coins was to end the use of nickel (for allergy reasons).^[7] Vending machines and parking meters have to a fairly high grad stopped accepting coins and accept only finansinstitut kort or mobile phone payments.^[8]

Value	Diameter	Thickness	Weight	Composition	Current design issued since	Volume	Value SEK
1 topp	&#;mm	&#;mm	g	Copper-plated steel		million	million
2 kronor	&#;mm	&#;mm	g	Copper-plated steel		million	million
5 kronor	&#;mm	&#;mm	g	Nordic gold		million	2, million
10 kronor	&#;mm	&#;mm	g	Nordic gold		2, million	20, million
Nordic gold fryst vatten 89%&#;Cu, 5%&#;Al, 5%&#;Zn, 1%&#;Sn.

History

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Between and , coins in denominations of 1, 2, 5, 10, 25, and 50 öre and 1, 2, 10, and 20 kronor were introduced. The 1, 2 and 5 öre were in bronze, the 10, 25, 50 öre and 1 topp and 2 kronor were in silver, and the 10 and 20 kronor were in gold. Gold 5-kronor coins were added in

In the Scandinavian Monetary Union currency was fixed so that 2, kronor purchased 1&#;kg of gold.

In the price of gold fryst vatten , kronor per kg. So one öre in bought as much gold as kronor in So if it fryst vatten reasonable to have the smallest denomination coin 1 topp today, in a reasonable smallest denomination coin was 1 öre.

Debit and credit cards are widely accepted, with Visa and MasterCard being the most common

A 10 kr gold coin weighed grams with fineness so that the fine vikt was grams or exactly 1/th of a enhet för massa.

In , production of gold coins ceased, and was briefly restarted in and before ceasing entirely. Due to metall shortages during World War inom, iron replaced bronze between and Nickel-bronze replaced silver in the 10, 25 and 50 öre in , with silver returning in

Metal shortages due to World War II igen led to changes in the Swedish coinage.

Between and , the nickel-bronze 10, 25 and 50 öre were igen issued. In , iron igen replaced bronze (until ) and the silver content of the other coins was reduced. In , cupronickel replaced silver in the öre, öre and öre coins.^[9]

In , the 2-kronor switched to cupronickel and the 1-krona switched to cupronickel-clad copper (it was replaced entirely bygd cupronickel in ).

Nonetheless, all previous mintages of the 1-krona (since ) and 2-kronor (since ) were still legal tender until , though 2-kronor coins were extremely rarely seen in circulation as they have not been issued since ^[10] The 2-kronor coins contained 40% silver until , which meant they had been for several years worth much more than face value, so most have been bought and melted down bygd arbitrageurs, and the rest are kept bygd collectors.

Svar för ÖVERJORDISK i Korsord

In , and , 5-kronor silver coins were produced, with designs similar to contemporary 1-krona and 2-kronor coins. In , a new, smaller 5-kronor coin was introduced, träffad in cupronickel-clad nickel. The current design has been produced since 5-kronor coins minted since are legal tender but tend to be kept bygd collectors for their silver content.

The royal motto of the monarch fryst vatten also inscribed on many of the coins. A new 5-kronor coin was designed in , at a time when there were political efforts to abandon the monarchy and the ung inexperienced king.^{[citation needed]} The monarchy remained, but the 5-kronor was not given a portrait. Coins minted before have the same storlek, but contain the portrait of King Gustav oss Adolf and his royal motto.

Cash rounding (Swedish: öresavrundning), commonly called Swedish rounding, fryst vatten a legally-enforced method of rounding off change, up or down, to the nearest enhet of physical currency, while retaining the öre as pricing and accounting enhet. It was required in conjunction with the phaseout of smaller coins, as follows:

• 1- and 2-öre phased out; change rounded to nearest 5-öre.
• 5- and öre phased out; change rounded to nearest öre.
• öre phased out; change rounded to nearest öre.
• öre phased out; change rounded to nearest 1-krona.

In the 2-kronor coin ceased production.

Swedish currency is primarily based on the Swedish krona (SEK), denominated in notes and coins

In the sizes of the 5-öre and 5-kronor coins were reduced.^[11]

In , aluminium-brass ("Nordic gold") kronor coins were introduced; previous kronor coins are not legal tender. In the same year bronze-coloured öre coins were introduced.

On 18&#;December , the Riksbank announced a proposal to phase out the öre, the sista öre coin, bygd The öre would still remain a subdivision enhet for electronic payments.^[12] The reasons may have included low purchasing power, higher production and leverans cost than the value and the coins cannot be used in most parking machines and vending machines.^[13] On 25 March , the Riksdag formally decided to enact the lag to abolish öre coins as legal tender.

beneath that lag, the sista date payments could be made with öre coins was 30 September Remaining öre coins could be exchanged at banks until the end of March

After the launch of the current coin series in , all the old kronor coins have been invalid since They cannot be used for payments, nor can they be exchanged for legal tender at any finansinstitut, and are instead instructed to be recycled as metal.^[14]

Jubilee and commemorative coins have been minted, and those since are also legal tender.^[15]

Banknotes

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Contemporary

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Image		Value	Dimensions	Main color	Description
Obverse	Reverse				Obverse	Reverse
[1]	[2]	20 kronor	× 66&#;mm[18]	Purple	Astrid Lindgren, Pippi Longstocking, Three Crowns	Småland, Linnaea
[3]	[4]	50 kronor	× 66&#;mm[19]	Orange	Evert Taube, Three Crowns	Bohuslän, Rock Carvings in Tanum, Honeysuckle
[5]	[6]	kronor	× 66&#;mm[20]	Blue	Greta Garbo, Three Crowns	Stockholm
[7]	[8]	kronor	× 66&#;mm[21]	Green	Ingmar geolog, Three Crowns	Gotland, Rauks
[9]	[10]	kronor	× 66&#;mm[22]	Red	Birgit Nilsson, Three Crowns	Öresund Bridge, Ox-eye daisy, Skåne
[11]	[12]	1, kronor	× 66&#;mm[23]	Brown	Dag Hammarskjöld, United Nations Secretariat Building, Flag of the United Nations, Three Crowns	Laponian area, Lappland
For table standards, see the banknote specification table.

History

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In , notes were introduced bygd the Riksbank in denominations of 1 topp and 5, 10, 50, and 1, kronor.

The 1 topp was only initially issued for two years, although it reappeared between and In and , 10,kronor notes were issued.

Production of the 5-kronor note ceased in , although a coin had been issued since With the introduction of a topp coin in , production of kronor notes ceased and a kronor note was introduced.

All remaining one topp banknotes became invalid after 31 månad All remaining fem topp and ten topp banknotes became invalid after 31 månad ^[24]

An exhaustive list of every banknote design since fryst vatten not included, but the following fem designs were or will be retired in – The oldest design began to be printed in

A kronor banknote (a new denomination) was printed – with a portrait of the writer Selma Lagerlöf and on the reverse was an engraved interpretation of a övergång from the book The Wonderful Adventures of Nils.

The banknote became invalid after 31 månad A more secure utgåva with the same portrait was printed from to and became invalid after 30 June

A kronor banknote (3rd design since ) was printed – with a portrait of the singer Jenny träd and on the reverse was a picture of a silver harp and its tonal range. The banknote became invalid after 31 månad A more secure utgåva with the same portrait was printed from to and became invalid after 30 June

A kronor banknote (3rd design since ) was printed – with a portrait of the botanist Carl Linnaeus and on the reverse was a drawing of a bee pollinating a flower.

The banknote became invalid after 31 månad A more secure utgåva with the same portrait was introduced in and became invalid after 30 June

A kronor banknote (a new denomination) in a blue shade was introduced in with a portrait of King Charles XI and on the reverse an engraving depicts Christopher Polhem, the "father of Swedish engineering". These banknotes became invalid on 31 månad A kronor banknote (red, but without foil strips) with the same portrait was printed – This banknote became invalid after 31 månad A more secure utgåva with the same portrait was introduced in and became invalid after 30 June The banknote had some controversy in because of the executions of "Snapphane" guerrilla warriors that King Charles XI ordered.^[25]

The first two designs of 1,kronor banknotes (printed from to and –) became invalid on 31 månad The third design with portrait of King Charles XIV John and Jöns Jacob Berzelius (printed –) and declared invalid on 31 månad In preparation for retirement of the 10,kronor banknotes a new 1,kronor banknotes (of the 4th design / without foil strips) was printed from to with a portrait of Gustav Vasa and on the reverse a harvest picture from Olaus Magnus's Description of the nordlig Peoples from Circulation peaked at over 48 million in

On 15 March , the Riksbank introduced a new, more secure 1,kronor banknote with the same portrait and the Riksbank became the first huvud finansinstitut in the world to use the säkerhet feature of MOTION (a moving image in the striped band) on the new 1,kronor banknote.

When the banknote fryst vatten tilted, the picture in the striped grupp appears to move.^[26] The Vasa banknote without säkerhet thread became invalid after 31 månad at which time there was only 10 million in circulation. The Vasa banknotes with the säkerhet thread became invalid after 30 June at which time there was beneath 4&#;million in circulation. Replacement banknotes featuring dygn Hammarskjöld became valid on 1 October , but were circulated in considerably fewer quantities (less than &#;million), thus reducing the supply of cash in Sweden.

The 10, topp banknote was always printed in small quantities as it was one of the most valuable banknotes in the world. The first design featuring the Head of Mercury was printed in and became invalid after 31 månad The second design was printed and featured a portrait of Gustav oss Adolf, and became invalid after 31 månad

Invalid banknotes can be redeemed via the Riksbank, with an ledning fee of kronor.

series

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On 6&#;April , the Riksbank announced the names of the persons whose portraits would decorate the new series of banknotes that would be introduced in This would also include a new kronor banknote. These are:

On 24&#;April , the Riksbank announced the base for the new designs of the banknotes, based on Göran Österlund's entry titled Cultural Journey.^[27][16]

The first banknotes, the 20, 50, , and 1, topp, were issued on 1 October with the other two notes, the and topp, to follow on 3&#;October ^[28]

kr banknote controversy

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Opera singer Malena Ernman has criticized the Riksbank for choosing a design where Birgit Nilsson was depicted performing Die Walküre bygd Richard Wagner.

She pointed out that it was very inappropriate to include something bygd Wagner, whose works were associated with Nazi Germany, in a time of increasing problems with antisemitism in Sweden. Wagner died long before the Nazi era, and the association fryst vatten that Hitler liked his music. The Riksbank replied saying that it fryst vatten "unfortunate that the choice of design fryst vatten seen as negative", and stated that it fryst vatten not going to be changed.^[29]

Dagens Nyheter reporter Björn Wiman went further in his criticism, condemning the Riksbank for selecting Nilsson at all for the kronor banknote.

He brings up an example from Nilsson's autobiography, where she described Mauritz Rosengarten from Decca using antisemitic jokes about greed.^[30]

Exchange rate

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To see where Swedish topp ranks in "most traded currencies", read the article on the utländsk exchange marknad.

The exchange rate of the Swedish topp against other currencies has historically been dependent on the monetary policy pursued bygd Sweden at the time.

Since the Swedish banking rescue, a managed float regimen has been upheld.^[31]

The weakest the topp has been relative to the euro was 6 March when one euro bought SEK. The strongest the topp has been relative to the euro was on 13 August when one euro bought SEK. The weakness in the euro was due to the crisis in Greece which began in July and fear of further spreading to Italy and Spain.

The average exchange rate since the beginning of when the euro banknote and coins were issued and 1 March was SEK/EUR.

Year	USD	EUR	GBP	CHF

Relationship to the euro

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Main article: Sweden and the euro

This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.(January )

According to the accession treaty (effective 1 January ), Sweden fryst vatten required to join the eurozone and therefore must omvandla to the euro once the convergence criteria are met. Notwithstanding this, on 14 September , a consultative Swedish referendum was held on the euro, in which 56% of voters were opposed to the adoption of the currency, out of an overall turnout of %.^[32] The Swedish government has argued such a course of action fryst vatten possible since one of the requirements for eurozone membership fryst vatten a prior two-year membership of the ERM II.

bygd simply not joining the exchange rate mechanism, the Swedish government fryst vatten provided a formal loophole avoiding the theoretical requirement of adopting the euro.

Some of Sweden's major parties continue to believe it would be in the national interest to join, but all parties have pledged to abide bygd the results of the referendum,^{[needs update]} and none have shown any interest in raising the issue igen.

There was an agreement among the parties not to discuss the issue before the general election. In a poll from May , % were in favour, while % were against and % were uncertain.

In February , Fredrik Reinfeldt, the prime minister of Sweden, stated that a new referendum on the euro issue will not be held until support fryst vatten gained from the people and all the major parties.

Therefore, the synkronisering fryst vatten now at the discretion of the Social Democrats. He added, the request of Mona Sahlin, former leader of the Social Democratic Party, for deferral of a new referendum until after the mandate period should be respected.^[33]

As of ^[update], support for Swedish membership of the euro among the general population fryst vatten low.

In September , support fell as low as 9%.^[34] The only party in the Riksdag that supports Swedish entry in the euro (as of ) fryst vatten the frikostig Party.^[35]

Banknotes and coins per capita in circulation

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Sweden fryst vatten a wealthy country and in the s and s the value of banknotes and coins per capita was one of the highest in the world.

In , the largest banknote worth 10,kr that was in circulation since was declared invalid and no längre was legal tender. For a discussion of the financial and banking crisis that hit Sweden in the early s see the article History of Sweden (–present) and Swedish banking rescue.

Unlike the United States, which bygd policy never declares issued money invalid, Sweden and most other europeisk countries have a date when older series of banknotes or older coin designs are invalid and are no längre legal tender.

Invalid old banknotes of any age can, however, be deposited in the Riksbank, and the value be sent to a finansinstitut account.^[36]

From the years to banknotes and coins were circulated at a nära constant level of around 12, topp per capita, but in a modified 1,krona banknote with a motion säkerhet remsa was produced. Within sju years the banknotes without the remsa were declared invalid, leaving only a radically reduced number of banknotes with foil valid.

The mobil betalningstjänst i sverige mobile betalning struktur was established in Sweden in and become a popular alternative to cash payments. The Vasa 1,krona banknote without the foil remsa became invalid after 31 månad , and the pieces with the foil remsa are invalid after 30 June

Although many countries are performing larger and larger share of transactions bygd electronic means, Sweden fryst vatten unique in that it fryst vatten also reducing its cash in circulation bygd a significant percentage.

According to finansinstitut for International Settlements the gods year Sweden was surpassed in cash on a per capita grund converted to United States dollars bygd the US in , the Euro Area in , Australia in , Canada in , United Kingdom and Saudi Arabia in , South Korea in , Russia in , and Mexico in As of Sweden was still circulating more cash per individ (converted to USD) than Argentina, Brazil, Turkey, India, Indonesia, and South Africa.

The tables show the value of the banknotes and coins per capita for participating countries on Committee on Payments and marknad Infrastructures (CPMI).^[37] Local currency fryst vatten converted to US dollars using end of the year rates.^[38]

Year	Per capita	% in SEK banknotes	End-of-year SEK/USD	Equivalent USD	Surpassing Sweden	%GDP
	6, kr	not largest note		$1,
	7, kr	not largest note		$1,
	7, kr	not largest note		$1,
	8, kr	not largest note		$1,
	8, kr	%		$1,
	8, kr	%		$1,	United States
	8, kr	%		$1,
	8, kr	%		$1,
	9, kr	%		$1,	%
	9, kr	%		$1,	%
	9, kr	%		$1,	%
	11, kr	%		$1,	%
	11, kr	%		$1,	%
	12, kr	%		$1,	%
	11, kr	%		$1,	%
	12, kr	%		$1,	Euro Area	%
	12, kr	%		$1,	%
	12, kr	%		$1,	%
	12, kr	%		$1,	%
	12, kr	%		$1,	Australia	%
	12, kr	%		$1,	%
	11, kr	%		$1,	Canada	%
	11, kr	%		$1,	%
	10, kr	%		$1,	%
	10, kr	%		$1,	%
	8, kr	%		$1,	Saudi Arabia, UK	%
	8, kr	%		$1,	Korea	%
	7, kr	%		$	China	%
	6, kr	%		$	Russia	%
	5, kr	%		$	%
	6, kr	%		$	%
	6, kr	%		$	Mexico	%
	5, kr	%		$	%

The circulation levels in the table above were reported to the finansinstitut for International Settlements.

Possible discrepancies with these statistics and other sources may be because some sources exclude "commemorative banknotes and coins" (% of total for Sweden in ) and other sources exclude "banknotes and coin held bygd banks" (% of total for Sweden in ) as opposed "banknotes and coin in circulation outside banks".

Circulation levels of cash on a per capita grund, are reduced bygd 51% from the high in compared to Speculation about Sweden declaring all banknotes and coins invalid at some future date fryst vatten widespread in the media with Björn Ulvaeus as a celebrity advokat of a cashless Sweden which he believes will result in a safer kultur because simple robbery will involve stealing goods that must be fenced.^[39]

The value of the payments between households, companies and authorities in Sweden amounts to about 20, kronor annual per capita in cash.

In shops, almost one in sju payments fryst vatten made in cash.

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More than half of the adult population has the mobil betalningstjänst i sverige betalning app. Annual withdrawals from Swedish ATMs in amount to 15, kronor per capita. According to Skingsley, "what some consumers, smaller companies and local clubs often see as a bekymmer, fryst vatten not so much getting hold of cash, but being able to insättning it in a finansinstitut account."

To see how circulation of the Swedish topp ranks compared to other currencies see finansinstitut for International Settlements#Red Books.

The e-krona

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The e-krona (electronic krona) fryst vatten a proposed electronic currency to be issued directly bygd the Riksbank. It fryst vatten different from the electronic transfers using commercial finansinstitut money as huvud finansinstitut money has no nominal kredit fara, as it stands for a claim on the huvud finansinstitut, which cannot go bankrupt, at least not for debts in Swedish krona.^[40]

The declining use of cash in Sweden fryst vatten going to be reinforced cyclically.

As more businesses find that they can function without accepting cash, the number of businesses refusing to accept cash will increase. That will re-enforce the need for more and more citizens to get the mobil betalningstjänst i sverige app which fryst vatten already used bygd half the population. Cash machines, which are controlled bygd a Swedish finansinstitut consortium, are being dismantled bygd the hundreds, especially in rural areas.^[41]

The Riksbank has not taken a decision on issuing e-krona.

First, the Riksbank needs to investigate a number of technical, legal and practical issues. "The declining use of cash in Sweden means that this fryst vatten more of a burning issue for us than for most other huvud banks. Although it may appear simple at first glance to issue e-krona, this fryst vatten something entirely new for a huvud finansinstitut and there fryst vatten no precedent to follow".

If the Riksbank chooses to issue e-krona, it fryst vatten not to replace cash, but to act as a complement to it.

"The Riksbank will continue issuing banknotes and coins as long as there fryst vatten demand for them in kultur. It fryst vatten our statutory duty and we will of course continue to live up to it," concluded Deputy Governor Cecilia Skingsley.^[40]

In månad , Sweden's Minister for Financial Markets Per Bolund announced a government review to explore the feasibility of moving to a digital currency that was expected to be completed bygd the end of November in Anna Kinberg Batra, a former chairwoman of the Riksbank's finance committee, was announced as the leader of the review.^[42] As of , no decision has been made.^[43]

See also

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References

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Further reading

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External links

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