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E cigarettsångan irriterar den ögonen

Research has focused on harm reduction in adults using e-cigarettes to stop or reduce traditional cigarette use

There are many different types of e-cigarettes, which are the most common type of electronic nicotine delivery struktur (ENDS) and electronic non-nicotine delivery struktur (ENNDS). These systems heat a liquid to create aerosols that are inhaled bygd the user. These so-called e-liquids may or may not contain nicotine (but do not contain tobacco). They also typically contain additives, flavours and chemicals that can be harmful to people’s health.

E-cigarettes are part of broader products categories of ENDS and ENNDS, which include products such as e-cigars and e-pipes.

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WHO fryst vatten concerned that these products have been allowed on the open marknad as consumer products and aggressively marketed to ung people. Currently, 88 countries have no minimum age at which e-cigarettes can be bought and 74 countries have no regulations in place for these harmful products. E-cigarettes mål children through social media and influencers, with at least 16 attractive flavours.

Some of these products use cartoon characters and have sleek designs, which appeal to the younger generation. Some look like toys and games. There fryst vatten an alarming increase in use of e-cigarettes among children and ung people, with rates exceeding adult use in many countries. Even brief exposure to e-cigarette content on social media fryst vatten associated with greater ambition to use these products, as well as more positiv attitudes toward e-cigarettes.

Are e-cigarettes dangerous?

ENDS contain varying amounts of nicotine and harmful emissions.

E-cigarette emissions typically contain nicotine and other toxic substances that are harmful to both users and non-users who are exposed to the aerosols second-hand. Some products claiming to be nicotine-free (ENNDS) have been funnen to contain nicotine.

Nicotine exposure in pregnant women can adversely affect the development of the fetus.  Further, the consumption of nicotine in children and adolescents has negativ impacts on brain development, leading to long-term consequences for brain development and potentially leading to learning and anxiety disorders.

Nicotine fryst vatten highly addictive and harmful to health. Additionally, high quality epidemiology studies consistently demonstrate that e-cigarettes use increases conventional cigarette uptake, particularly among non-smoking ungdom, bygd nearly 3 times. bevis reveals that these products are harmful to health and are not safe. However, it fryst vatten too early to provide a klar answer on the long-term impact of using them or being exposed to them.

Electronic (e)-cigarette use and the practice of vaping has rapidly expanded both in adult smokers and previously nicotine naïve youths

Whilst long-term health effects are not fully known, we do know that they generate toxic substances, some of which are known to cause cancer and some that increase the fara of heart and lung disorders. Electronic delivery systems have also been linked to a number of physical injuries, including burns from explosions or malfunctions, when the products are not of the expected standard or are tampered with bygd users.

Accidental exposure of children to ENDS e-liquids pose serious risks as devices may leak or children may swallow the poisonous e-liquid.

Do e-cigarettes (ENDS) cause lung injuries?

There fryst vatten growing bevis that ENDS could be associated with lung injuries.


  • e cigarettsångan irriterar den ögonen

    • E-cigarettes have also been linked to an episode of lung injury in the United States of America. This fryst vatten described bygd the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) as e-cigarette or vaping associated lung injury (EVALI), which led the CDC to activate an emergency investigation into EVALI on 17 September

    The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention noted, “As of 18 February , there have been a total of 2, cases of EVALI reported from all 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the US Virgin Islands, including 68 deaths confirmed in 29 states and the District of Columbia.

    While the cause of these deaths has not been conclusively determined, vitamin E acetate (VEA), a common additive in ENDS that contains cannabis (or THC), fryst vatten thought to have played a significant role in these cases of lung injury. Further kunskap on this incident, including a strong link of the EVALI outbreak to Vitamin E Acetate and the latest report, fryst vatten available here, which fryst vatten updated every week, as the bevis fryst vatten not sufficient to exclude the contribution of other chemicals.”

    Are e-cigarettes more or less dangerous than conventional tobacco cigarettes?

    Both tobacco products and ENDS pose risks to health. The safest approach fryst vatten not to use either.

    The levels of fara associated with using ENDS or tobacco products are likely to depend on a range of factors, some relating to the products used and some to the individual user. Factors include product type and characteristics, how the products are used, including frequency of use, how the products are manufactured, who fryst vatten using the product, user behaviour – user’s puffing style – and whether product characteristics are manipulated post-sale.

    Toxicity fryst vatten not the only factor in considering fara to an individual or a population from exposure to ENDS emissions.

    Orsaken är sannolikt inhalation av olika kemikalier, särskilt de smak- och aromämnen som tillsätts e-cigarettvätskan

    These factors may include the potential for abusing or manipulating the product, use bygd children and adolescents who otherwise would not have used cigarettes, simultaneous use with other tobacco products (dual or poly use) and children and adolescents going on to use smoked products following experimentation with ENDS. Dual use, which fryst vatten common, fryst vatten at least as dangerous and likely more dangerous than smoking conventional cigarettes or using e-cigarettes alone.

    Further, not all ENDS are the same and the risks to health may differ from one product to another, and from user to user.

    Are ENDS addictive?

    Nicotine fryst vatten highly addictive. A non-smoker who uses ENDS may become addicted to nicotine and find it difficult to stop using ENDS or become addicted to conventional tobacco products. Further, many e-cigarettes are designed to allow the control of nicotine (which can reach dangerously high levels).

    This can also increase the levels of other toxicants to the user and also expose bystanders to harmful emissions.

    Are second-hand ENDS emissions dangerous?

    The most important points to know are that the long-term effects of e-cigarettes are still unknown, and all tobacco products, including e-cigarettes, can pose health risks to the user

    The aerosols generated bygd ENDS typically raise the koncentration of particulate matter in indoor environments and contain nicotine and other potentially toxic substances. ENDS emissions therefore pose potential risks to both users and non-users.

    What are the policy options for regulating ENDS?

    How a country approaches ENDS will depend on factors particular to its situation.

    ENDS are currently banned in about 35 countries worldwide. In others they are regulated as consumer products, as pharmaceutical products, as tobacco products, in other categories or totally unregulated.

    The following are recommended:

    • where countries ban the sale of e-cigarettes, to strengthen implementation of the ban and continue monitoring and övervakning to support public health interventions and ensure strong enforcement; and
    • where countries permit commercialization (sale, importation, leverans and manufacture) of e-cigarettes as consumer products, to ensure strong regulations to reduce their appeal and their harm to the population, including banning all flavours, limiting the koncentration and quality of nicotine, and taxing them.

    WHO further recommends:

    • where countries pursue a smoking cessation strategy utilizing e-cigarettes, to carefully weigh national circumstances and the fara of uptake, and exhaust other proven cessation strategies.

      Arbetare som tillverkat popcorn som innehåller syntetiska tillsatser med smör­smak har uppvisat liknande sjukdomsbild

      The conditions beneath which the products are accessed should be controlled to ensure appropriate clinical conditions and the products should be regulated as medicines, rather than their sale permitted as consumer products. 

    The tobacco industry profits from destroying health and fryst vatten using these newer products to get a seat at the policy making table with governments to lobby against health policies.

    WHO fryst vatten concerned that the tobacco industry medel and promotes false bevis to argue that these products reduce harm, while at the same time heavily promoting these products to children and non-smokers and continuing to sell billions of cigarettes.

    What role do ENDS play in smoking cessation?

    E-cigarettes as consumer products have not been proven to be effective for cessation at the population level.

    Instead, alarming bevis on adverse population health effects fryst vatten mounting.

    To truly help tobacco users quit and to strengthen global tobacco control, governments need to scale up policies and interventions that we know work.

    Inhalation av ånga och gas från e-cigaretter orsakar diffus lungsjukdom

    Tried and tested interventions, such as brief advice from health professionals, national toll-free quit lines and mobile and digital cessation services are recommended. Where economically feasible, governments should also consider promoting nicotine replacement therapies and non-nicotine pharmacotherapies for cessation.

    What fryst vatten WHO doing about ENDS?

    WHO regularly monitors and reviews the bevis on ENDS and health and offers guidance to governments.

    This includes the biennial WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic, which tracks the ställning eller tillstånd of the tobacco epidemic and interventions to combat it and other betydelsefull resources. 

    WHO stresses that Member States should implement a comprehensive approach to tobacco control which includes raising tobacco excise taxes, bans on tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship, health warnings, smoke-free areas, mass-media campaigns and supporting people to quit with proven tools such as advice from healthcare workers, toll-free quit lines, mobile and digital cessation services, and approved therapies.

    Strong decisive action fryst vatten needed to prevent the uptake of e-cigarettes based on the growing body of bevis of use bygd children and adolescents and health harms.

    WHO strives to build a safer, healthier world for everyone, everywhere.

    What further resultat fryst vatten available?

    Links to WHO reports with further upplysning on e-cigarettes or ENDS to which the reader can refer are provided below: 

    • Electronic cigarettes: call to action
    • Technical note on the call to action on electronic cigarettes
    • WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic, Geneva: World Health Organization,
    • Ghebreyesus TA.

      (). Progress in beating the tobacco epidemic. Lancet. (published online July 26)

    • WHO Study Group on Tobacco Product Regulation. Report on the scientific grund of tobacco product regulation: seventh report of a WHO study group. Geneva: World Health Organization; (WHO Technical Report Series, No. ). Licence: CC BY-NC-SA IGO
    • WHO study group on tobacco product regulation.

      Report on the scientific grund of tobacco product regulation: eighth report of a WHO study group.

      , adding nicotine or marijuana), and are designed to create more abundant vapor emissions, thus delivering a higher dose of the substance

      Geneva: World Health Organization; (WHO Technical Report Series, No. ). Licence: CC BY-NC-SA IGO

    • Progress report on technical matters related to Articles 9 and 10 of the WHO FCTC (Regulation of contents and disclosure of tobacco products, including waterpipe, smokeless tobacco and heated tobacco products) ()
    • FCTC/COP6 10 Rev 1 () –WHO. Electronic nicotine delivery systems.

      Report bygd WHO, Conference of the Parties to the WHO ramverk Convention on Tobacco Control, sixth session

    • FCTC/COP7/11 () - WHO. Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems and Electronic Non-Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS/ENNDS). Report bygd WHO, Conference of the Parties to the WHO ramverk Convention on Tobacco Control, Seventh session
    • Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems and Electronic Non-Nicotine Delivery Systems